Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

This model is most common in refineries, specifically in plants such as Hydrocrackers and Hydrotreaters, amongst other units offering desulphurization of the crude oil. It is based on proprietary Added Steel Ring^TM technology – a unique safety and maintenance enhancement feature exclusive to this model that prevents bell mouthing and facilitates quick plug opening during time critical turnarounds. Intermixing between shell and tube side fluids is prevented due to the design of this model. 

This design is commonly used in gas to gas applications that do not require drops in pressure on the shell side of the heat exchanger. It also features enhanced process reliability and a complete reduction in flow-induced vibrations.

This design is popular in refineries because of an advanced heat transfer co-efficient, leading to a reduction in pressure drops and a lower area of heat transfer. These units also boast long lifetimes with reduced maintenance requirements, due in part to lower incidences of vibration hazards and an enhanced safety design.

A Feedwater Heater is a power plant equipment used to preheat water delivered to a steam generating boiler, by recovering the heat from the turbine extraction steam. Preheating the feedwater reduces the irreversibility involved in steam generation and improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the system. This reduces plant operating costs and helps avoid thermal shock to the boiler metal when the feedwater is reintroduced into the steam cycle.

Surface condensers are mainly used in large power plants and refrigeration systems. The main purpose is to condense the exhausted steam in order to obtain high efficiency and convert the steam into impurity-free water that can be used in a steam generator or steam boiler. It is also called as indirect contact or non-mixed type condenser.

Waste heat boilers utilize the heat in flue gases from combustion processes or hot waste air flows from industrial processes to generate hot water or saturated steam. These are frequently used in conjunction with gas turbines and combined heat and power units. Waste heat boilers contribute to the improvement of thermal efficiency, energy saving as well as environmental protection.